Clements Lumber Company and the Company Town

August 24, 2013 at 12:34 am (Clements Family, Historic Businesses)
Tags: Bashey Basemore Wells, Bee Mannin, C.A. Reed, Clarence Jones Gray, Clements Lumber Company, Clements Sawmill, Daisy Pearle Clements, Elmore Medley, Freddie Andrew Wheless, Georgia and Florida railroad, Helen Elizabeth Clements, Jackson Lumber Company, Jacob Ed Akridge, James Irwin Clements, John William Sims, Joseph S. Clements, Levi J. Clements, Lucius Jordan Clements, Luckie Lumber Company, Math Phillips, Melvin W. Rivenbark, Morris C. Sumner, Norton, Ples Philips, R. D. Ward, Ray City GA, Robert Christopher Powell, Samuel Arthur Ganas, Timothy Allen Washington, Tom Lott, Turpentine, Will Thomas, William F. Luckie, William Haines Joiner, Willis Gordon Hill

THE SAWMILL CENSUS OF 1920

In the early days of Ray City, GA,  the economic engine of the community was sustained by farming and agriculture.  Large stands of original growth yellow pine supported the development of turpentine and lumber industries in the area.

Related Posts:

• Luckie Stop at Ray City
• William F. Luckie ~ Luckie Lumber Mill
• WWI Boom for Clements Lumber Company at Ray City, GA
• Georgia Normal College and Business Institute
• Turpentine in Wiregrass Georgia
• The Vanceville Affair

The Growth of Timber

 “…in Southern Georgia there are millions of acres of magnificent yellow-pine forests suitable for general building purposes, shipbuilding, etc. Within the last few years, Turpentine Plantations have been opened in these forests, for the purpose of manufacturing naval stores. Large quantities of timber and lumber are being annually shipped from Brunswick and Darien, to Northern, European, and South American ports. In the south-eastern portion of the State, the Live Oak—a valuable wood for shipbuilding—abounds.”   -1876 Handbook of the State of Georgia

Lumber and naval stores came to be among the most important  historic businesses of Ray City. The opening of the Georgia & Florida Railway  in 1908 spurred the growth of a sawmill that quickly became the major employer of the town.

The sawmill was the first large mechanized industrial operation in the Ray City area.

Atlanta Georgian and News, Aug. 23, 1911 — page 13 Want Ad. FIRST-CLASS circular saw filer wants a position; can give any reference concerning smooth lumber. No booze fighter. C.A. Reed, Rays Mill, Ga.             26

In the traditional agricultural occupations issues like child labor or safety were personal matters. But as  employment grew in the emerging industrial workplace the risks and concerns of the community also grew.

“A study of the sources of industrial hazards undertaken in the 1930s by the U.S. Children’s Bureau found “the first three industries in frequency of disabling injuries were logging, coal mining, and sawmilling.” Logging, coal mining, and fertilizer manufacturing were the only industries that exceeded sawmilling in the severity of injuries and the number of fatalities.” The Journal of Southern History , Vol. 56, No. 4 (Nov., 1990), pp. 695-724

In 1923, the Nashville Herald reported an industrial accident at the Clements sawmill.  In early February of that year a young boy, son of Math Phillips, had his eye put out at the sawmill, leaving some to wonder if it was time for stricter enforcement of compulsory school attendance.    Sawmills were dangerous workplaces and newspaper reports of more horrific accidents were not entirely uncommon. With the stockpiling of combustible materials, there was a constant ever present danger of fire – a threat that was magnified in steam-powered sawmills where boilers were typically fired with scrap material.

Clements Lumber Company

Over the years this sawmill was operated under three different owners.  The big sawmill at Ray City first operated under the name Luckie Lumber Company, owned by William F. Luckie. It was a huge operation located about one mile north of Ray City on the rail line of Georgia & Florida Railway .  About 1911, W. F. Luckie sold out to Levi J. Clements and his sons.  The Clements Family had experience in the sawmill trade, and the Clements boys were college-educated businessmen.

Lucius Jordan Clements, with Helen Elizabeth “Betty” Clements and Daisy Pearle Clements. Image courtesy of Ron Yates http://www.yatesville.net

The Clements Brothers ran the company, Lucius J. Clements served as General Manager of the Clements Lumber Company, Irwin Clements was a manager at the mill, and Joe Clements was treasurer.

The superintendent of the mill was Melvin W. Rivenbark. Clarence Jones Gray was stenographer and bookkeeper for the firm. James Edmond Hall and John William Sims were Shipping Clerks and Chester Artemis Hall was an Assistant Shipping Clerk. George B. Norton was foreman of the planing mill. William Andrew Hendrix was an engineer and Samuel Arthur Ganas was employed at the mill as a stationary engineer. Morris C. Sumner was the assistant lumber inspector and Timothy Allen Washington was a lumber grader. Willis Gordon Hill was a stave miller. William Haines Joiner was a locomotive engineer and J. D. Melvin was a fireman. Jacob Ed Akridge was woods superintendent. Tom Lott and Elmore Medley were teamsters and Bee Mannin was a log chopper. Robert Christopher Powell was a skidder operator and Ples Phillips worked on the tram road. Will Thomas was a sawyer. R.D. Ward was a machinist. Bashey Wells was a contractor. Freddie Andrew Wheless was a carpenter. Many men and sometimes boys were employed as “sawmill laborers”, others worked as sawyers, teamsters, firemen, foremen, wheelwrights, commissary clerks, or marketmen. Many of the women worked out of their homes, in the occupation of “laundress.” By 1920, the sawmill had grown to a large industrial operation. A ‘sawmill town’ had grown up to house the sawmill workers and their families. The enumerator for 1920 US Census annotated the census forms to indicate the sawmill residents, showing that there were 78 households with 313 residents living in rented homes at the sawmill.  More workers lived in the surrounding area and in Ray City.

While residents of the ‘sawmill town’ had access to all of the goods and services in Ray City just a mile south on the tracks of the Georgia and Florida, the sawmill company also operated a commissary where workers could shop.   In the 1920’s the Clements sawmill provided a cold storage facility for curing meats as a part of the company operations. The cold storage was also available to the people of Ray City and the surrounding area.

NEWS ITEMS FROM RAY CITY

Nashville Herald, February 16, 1923

The few cold days we had last week were fine for people to hang up their meat. The Clements Lumber Company cold storage cured about 76,000 pounds, all of which was removed last week.

Before the widespread availability of electricity and electric refrigerators, cold storage of meat  was an important service to the community.  Poisoning could result from consumption of meat which was improperly cured or  stored.

House at Clements Sawmill
Photographed in 2008, this log house was moved to the old Clements sawmill area around 1975-78 by John David Luke. The original structure was built with notched logs, the wing extending to the right, rear was constructed with sawn boards.

By 1923, the Clements were operating ten miles of tram road track to bring timber to the sawmill. The operation also included a lathe mill, and a planer. The mill had a inventory of sawn lumber on the ground with an estimated value of about $30,000.  In 2013 dollar’s that would have been more than half a million dollars worth of lumber.

In 1923 the Jackson Brothers, owners of the Jackson Lumber Company purchased the entire mill operation from Clements Lumber Company for $75,000 in cash in what was described as “one of the biggest business deals pulled of in this section in some time.”

If the Spring of 1923 brought the town’s biggest economic boom, the fall of ’23 brought its biggest bust.  For on  November 6, 1923 fire struck the big sawmill  at Ray City, GA  devastating the operation  and the local economy.

Clements Sawmill Site in 2008, Ray City, GA.
This view of the site of the Clements Sawmill, taken from the tracks of the Georgia & Florida Railroad, shows the location of the remaining foundations. In the distance a residential structure that was later moved to the sawmill site. The “company town” which grew up around the sawmill once boasted a population of more than 300 people and 78 households.

~

Clements Sawmill Foundations, 2008, Ray City, GA.
Eighty-five years later, all that remains of the Clements Sawmill are a few concrete foundations in a cow pasture located about one mile north of Ray City, GA, on the tracks of the Georgia and Florida Railway. Protruding from these foundations are heavy steel anchoring bolts, perhaps used to secure cutting or planing equipment, or to support boilers used to generate steam power for the mill.

	THE SAWMILL AT RAY CITY, GA 1920 Census The enumerator for 1920 US Census annotated six pages of the census sheets indicate the sawmill residents, showing that there were 78 households with 313 residents living in rented homes at the sawmill.
	Name	Relation	Est.Birth	Birthplace	Race	Occupation
1	Walter Ferrey	head of household	abt 1885	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Lucia Ferrey	Wife	abt 1897	Georgia	Black
	Clifford Ferrey	Son	abt 1915	Georgia	Black
2	Will Goodman	Head of household	abt 1887	District of Columbia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Ola Green Goodman	Wife	abt 1879	Georgia	Black	laundress
	Charlie Smith	Grandson	abt 1915	Georgia	Black
	Henry Matchett	Head of household	abt 1876	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Rebecca Matchett	Wife	abt 1884	Georgia	Black
	Lenard Matchett	Son	abt 1901	Georgia	Black
	Elmo Medley	Head of household	abt 1892	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Josephine Medley	Wife	abt 1880	Georgia	Black
	Edmond Wilson	Head of household	abt 1857	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Emma Wilson	Wife	abt 1875	Georgia	White
	Harry Wilson	Son	abt 1901	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Burney Wilson	Son	abt 1902	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer-crossties
	Goldie Wilson	Son	abt 1904	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Pearlie Wilson	Daughter	abt 1906	Georgia	White
	Rollie Wilson	Son	abt 1908	Georgia	White
	Rossie Wilson	Son	abt 1910	Georgia	White
	Edna May Wilson	Daughter	abt 1912	Georgia	White
	Talley Wilson	Son	abt 1915	Georgia	White
	John Browning	Head of household	abt 1895	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Willie Browning	Wife	abt 1897	Georgia	White
	Moselle Browning	Son	abt 1914	Georgia	White
	Odell Browning	Daughter	abt 1915	Georgia	White
	Avanell Browning	Daughter	abt 1918	Georgia	White
	Eulis P  Wallace	Head of household	abt 1889	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Louella Wallace	Wife	abt 1899	Georgia	White
	Eunice Wallace	Daughter	abt 1916	Georgia	White
	Willis G Hill	Head of household	abt 1890	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Leila Hill	Wife	abt 1899	Georgia	White
	Otis Hill	Son	abt 1918	Georgia	White
	Lon S Westbrook	Head of household	abt 1893	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Blonnie Westbrook	Wife	abt 1895	Georgia	White
	J Lester Westbrook	Son	abt 1914	Georgia	White
	Eanos H Westbrook	Son	abt 1915	Georgia	White
	Randall M Westbrook	Son	abt 1915	Georgia	White
	Myrtle J Westbrook	Daughter	abt 1918	Georgia	White
	Timothy A Washington	Head of household	abt 1886	Florida	White	Sawmill grader
	Viola E Washington	Wife	abt 1887	Florida	White
	Eulalie Washington	Daughter	abt 1911	Georgia	White
	Eunice A Washington	Daughter	abt 1912	Georgia	White
	M Grace Washington	Daughter	abt 1918	Georgia	White
	William A Hendricks	Head of household	abt 1879	Georgia	White	Sawmill engineer
	Loula Hendricks	Wife	abt 1882	Georgia	White
	Willie F Hendricks	Son	abt 1902	Florida	White
	Minnie M Hendricks	Daughter	abt 1904	Florida	White
	Jennie Vaughn	Head of household	abt 1878	South Carolina	White
	Horace Vaughn	Son	abt 1903	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Henry Vaughn	Son	abt 1906	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Edna P Vaughn	Daughter	abt 1909	Georgia	White
	Maudell Vaughn	Daughter	abt 1912	Georgia	White
	Leon Vaughn	Son	abt 1915	Georgia	White
	Leila Vaughn	Daughter	abt 1915	Georgia	White
	Annie L Snowden	Head of household	abt 1901	Georgia	Black	laundress
	Ed Miller	Head of household	abt 1859	Georgia	Black	Farmer -oa
	Jennie Miller	Wife	abt 1870	Georgia	Black	laundress
	Charity Adams	Daughter	abt 1879	Georgia	Black	laundress
	Lilla Adams	Granddaughter	abt 1907	Georgia	Black
	Marvin Adams	Grandson	abt 1909	Georgia	Black
	Deothia Graham	Granddaughter	abt 1906	Georgia	Black
	Howard Graham	Grandson	abt 1902	Georgia	Black	Farm laborer
	Frank Teacher	Head of household	abt 1871	United States of America	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Loue Ella Teacher	Wife	abt 1891	South Carolina	Black
	Arnie Mathis	Brother-in-law	abt 1900	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Warren P Wright	Head of household	abt 1863	South Carolina	White	Sawmill laborer
	C Elizabeth Wright	Wife	abt 1856	Georgia	White
	Henry C Smith	Brother	abt 1865	Georgia	White
	Jim L Dorman	Head of household	abt 1893	Florida	White	Sawmill laborer
	Abbie W Dorman	Wife	abt 1899	Florida	White
	J B Dorman	Son	abt 1915	Florida	White
	Arlie M Dorman	Son	abt 1917	Florida	White
	James P Dorman	Son	abt 1920	Georgia	White
	Early A Walker	Head of household	abt 1899	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Ruby M Walker	Wife	abt 1899	Georgia	White
	Helma C Walker	Daughter	abt 1917	Georgia	White
	Emma C Walker	Daughter	abt 1919	Georgia	White
	Isaac B Sirmans	Head of household	abt 1889	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Lucretia Sirmans	Wife	abt 1891	Georgia	White
	Jimmie L Sirmans	Daughter	abt 1913	Georgia	White
	Ida L Curry	Sister-in-law	abt 1907	Georgia	White
	George H Dorman	Head of household	abt 1887	Florida	White	Sawmill laborer
	Emma Dorman	Wife	abt 1897	Florida	White
	J Cullin Dorman	Son	abt 1913	Florida	White
	Ernest E Dorman	Son	abt 1915	Florida	White
	M Kathleen Dorman	Daughter	abt 1918	Florida	White
	I S Vaughn	Head of household	abt 1887	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Annie R Vaughn	Wife	abt 1894	Georgia	White
	Corley Luke	Boarder	abt 1886	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	I Lee Strickland	Head of household	abt 1898	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Ada Strickland	Wife	abt 1902	Georgia	White
	D Bash Wells	Head of household	abt 1878	Florida	White	Sawmill laborer
	Martha Wells	Wife	abt 1888	Florida	White
	Susie May Wells	Daughter	abt 1910	Georgia	White
	Ophelia Wells	Daughter	abt 1913	Georgia	White
	J B Wells	Son	abt 1915	Georgia	White
	Mack G Wells	Head of household	abt 1890	Florida	White	Sawmill laborer
	Emma Wells	Wife	abt 1895	Florida	White
	Carey W Wells	Son	abt 1914	Georgia	White
	Russell Wells	Son	abt 1915	Florida	White
	Jervel L Wells	Daughter	abt 1917	Georgia	White
	Frank M Hill	BrotherInLaw	abt 1860	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	James J Wells	Head of household	abt 1876	Florida	White	Sawmill laborer
	Annie Wells	Wife	abt 1887	South Carolina	White
	James C Wells	Son	abt 1913	Georgia	White
	Woodrow O Wells	Son	abt 1915	Georgia	White
	Thomas Harnage	Head of household	abt 1896	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Ostella Harnage	Wife	abt 1896	Georgia	White
	James Harnage	Son	abt 1914	Georgia	White
	Elwood Harnage	Son	abt 1915	Georgia	White
	Ruby Harnage	Daughter	abt 1918	Georgia	White
	Robert James	Head of household	abt 1870	South Carolina	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Loula James	Wife	abt 1878	South Carolina	Black
	Lewis Gordon	Head of household	abt 1888	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Mamie Gordon	Wife	Abt 1895	Georgia	Black
	Will Jordan	Head of household	abt 1869	North Carolina	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Mary Jordan	Wife	abt 1875	Georgia	Black	laundress
	Bennie Jordan	Son	abt 1901	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Rufus Jordan	Son	abt 1903	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Willie Jordan	Son	abt 1905	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Alice Jordan	Daughter	abt 1906	Georgia	Black
	Johnnie Jordan	Son	abt 1911	Georgia	Black
	Amos Jordan	Son	abt 1913	Georgia	Black
	Aaron Jordan	Son	abt 1915	Georgia	Black
	Daisy Jordan	Daughter	abt 1919	Georgia	Black
	Will Searcy	Boarder	abt 1876	United States of America	Black	Sawmill teamster
	George Emmett	Head of household	abt 1862	United States of America	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Anna Emmett	Wife	abt 1866	Georgia	Black
	Steve Brown	Head of household	abt 1885	United States of America	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Effie Brown	Wife	abt 1887	Georgia	Black
	S C Brown	Head of household	abt 1893	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Willie May Brown	Wife	abt 1903	Georgia	Black	laundress
	Abraham Brown	Son	abt 1917	Georgia	Black
	John H Green	Head of household	abt 1891	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Mattie Green	Wife	abt 1894	Georgia	Black
	Claudie Green	Son	abt 1911	Georgia	Black
	Lonie Green	Daughter	abt 1914	Georgia	Black
	Harry Bright	Head of household	abt 1880	South Carolina	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Josephine Bright	Wife	abt 1875	Georgia	Black
	Jim Grier	Head of household	abt 1900	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Mamie Grier	Wife	abt 1904	Florida	Black
	Rainey Medley	Head of household	abt 1885	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Florence Medley	Wife	abt 1881	Georgia	Mulatto
	Pearlie Medley	Brother	abt 1891	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer -crossties
	Lillie Medley	Sister-in-law	abt 1897	Georgia	Black
	Douglas Smith	Brother-in-law	abt 1880	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Frank Rines	Head of household	abt 1867	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Harriet Rines	Wife	abt 1870	Georgia	Black
	George Merritt	Boarder	abt 1920	United States of America	Black	Sawmill laborer
	George Davis	Boarder	abt 1856	South Carolina	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Riley Bryant	Head of household	abt 1892	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Hannah Bryant	Wife	abt 1898	Florida	Black	laundress
	Eddie Young	Head of household	abt 1886	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Mary Young	Wife	abt 1900	Georgia	Black
	Henry Lofton	Head of household	abt 1875	Georgia	Black	Sawmill sawyer
	Bessie Lofton	Wife	abt 1883	North Carolina	Mulatto
	Henry Lofton	Son	abt 1903	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	John Lofton	Son	abt 1905	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Cinthia Lofton	Daughter	abt 1910	Georgia	Black
	Willie W Wood	Head of household	abt 1890	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Viola Wood	Wife	abt 1895	Georgia	White
	G Willene Wood	Daughter	abt 1915	Georgia	White
	Mary N Wood	Daughter	abt 1917	Georgia	White
	Willie Bolar	Nephew	abt 1902	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Aurelia Goodman	Head of household	abt 1875	Georgia	Black	Innkeeper boarding house
	Joseph Jackson	Boarder	abt 1889	United States of America	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Handy Blue	Head of household	abt 1870	South Carolina	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Julia Blue	Wife	abt 1872	Georgia	Black	Laundress
	Lewis Banks	Head of household	abt 1864	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Easter Banks	Wife	abt 1857	Georgia	Black
	Elmer Ratliff	Granddaughter	abt 1912	Georgia	Black
	Abraham L Thomas	Head of household	abt 1872	Tennessee	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Angie Thomas	Wife	abt 1885	South Carolina	Black	Laundress
	Ruther Thomas	Son	abt 1912	Georgia	Black
	Malachia Thomas	Son	abt 1913	Georgia	Black
	Willie Thomas	Daughter	abt 1915	Georgia	Black
	Lillie Thomas	Daughter	abt 1916	Georgia	Black
	Abraham L Thomas	Son	abt 1918	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Robert Thomas	Son	abt 1918	Georgia	Black
	George Stokes	Boarder	abt 1888	United States of America	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Sam Brown	Boarder	abt 1876	United States of America	Black	Sawmill laborer
	John McQueen	Boarder	abt 1896	United States of America	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Ike Wilder	Head of household	abt 1870	South Carolina	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Emma Wilder	Wife	abt 1892	Georgia	Black	laundress
	Jesse Freelour	Head of household	abt 1868	Virginia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Ella Freelour	Wife	abt 1867	Georgia	Black
	B Manning	Head of household	abt 1890	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Wiley Brown	Roomer	abt 1901	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Arie Brown	Roomer	abt 1897	Florida	Black	laundress
	Mint  Manning	Head of household	abt 1874	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Carrie Manning	Wife	abt 1870	Florida	Black	laundress
	Robert Blanks	Head of household	abt 1894	United States of America	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Ella Blanks	Wife	abt 1892	Georgia	Black	Laundress
	Carrie B Allen	Stepdaughter	abt 1910	Georgia	Black
	N G Goings	Head of household	abt 1866	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Mariah Goings	Wife	abt 1888	Georgia	Black
	Arthur Goings	Son	abt 1904	Florida	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Willie Goings	Son	abt 1906	Florida	Black
	Mamie Goings	Daughter	abt 1909	Georgia	Black
	Merritt Rouse	Head of household	abt 1863	Virginia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Estill Aaron	Head of household	abt 1876	Florida	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Ida Aaron	Wife	abt 1886	Georgia	Mulatto	laundress
	Inman Aaron	Son	abt 1909	Georgia	Black
	Sess Aaron	Son	abt 1915	Georgia	Black
	Henry Polite	Head of household	abt 1880	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Otella Polite	Wife	abt 1898	Georgia	Black	laundress
	Stella Polite	Daughter	abt 1918	Georgia	Black
	Bertha Carter	Head of household	abt 1898	Georgia	Black	laundress
	Willie Melvin	Roomer	abt 1902	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Sylvester Williams	Roomer	abt 1900	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Bud Lamb	Head of household	abt 1886	United States of America	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Tom Brown	Roomer	abt 1884	United States of America	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Mary Brown	Roomer	abt 1902	United States of America	Black
	Chester A. Hall	Head of household
	Kansas Hall	Wife	abt 1898	Georgia	White
	James A Hall	Son	abt 1918	Georgia	White
	Van J Pool	Head of household	abt 1883	Georgia	White	Sawmill –shingle mill
	Dora Pool	Wife	abt 1883	Georgia	White	Inn Keeprt – Boarding House
	Olya M Pool	Daughter	abt 1906	Georgia	White
	Erwin W Pool	Son	abt 1907	Georgia	White	Newspaper Boy
	Verdie K Pool	Daughter	abt 1911	Georgia	White
	R Edna Pool	Daughter	abt 1913	Georgia	White
	Charlie J Pool	Son	abt 1915	Georgia	White
	H M Dorsey Pool	Son	abt 1918	Georgia	White
	F K Hall	Head of household	abt 1856	Georgia	White
	J Hollis Ritch	Son	abt 1887	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Noah H Sumler	Boarder	abt 1895	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Thomas A Sheffield	Head of household	abt 1883	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Ida B Sheffield	Wife	abt 1892	Georgia	White
	Emma R Sheffield	Daughter	abt 1908	Georgia	White
	Thomas J Sheffield	Son	abt 1910	Georgia	White
	Laura A Sheffield	Daughter	abt 1913	Florida	White
	Harvey Sheffield	Son	abt 1915	Florida	White
	Annie Bell Sheffield	Daughter	abt 1917	Georgia	White
	Emory A Sheffield	Son	abt 1919	Georgia	White
	Gilfred Snowden	Head of household	abt 1890	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Maude Snowden	Wife	abt 1884	Georgia	Black
	Augusta Snowden	Daughter	abt 1907	Georgia	Black
	Sarah Snowden	Daughter	abt 1908	Georgia	Black
	Georgia A Snowden	Daughter	abt 1912	Georgia	Black
	Alice Snowden	Daughter	abt 1914	Georgia	Black
	Viola Snowden	Daughter	abt 1916	Georgia	Black
	Gilford Snowden	Son	abt 1919	Georgia	Black
	Willie Morgan	Brother	abt 1886	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Isaac Snowden	Head of household	abt 1887	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Clyde Spencer	Head of household	abt 1900	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Leetta Spencer	Wife	abt 1900	Georgia	Black	Cook-private family
	John Hardy	Head of household	abt 1891	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Ruth Hardy	Wife	abt 1888	Georgia	Black	Laundress
	Jeroel Hardy	Daughter	abt 1908	Georgia	Black
	Will Jones	Head of household	abt 1886	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Rosa Jones	Wife	abt 1895	Georgia	Black
	Handy Simpson	Head of household	abt 1898	United States of America	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Fannie Simpson	Wife	abt 1900	Georgia	Black
	Henry Wright	Roomer	abt 1903	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Charlie Melvin	Head of household	abt 1870	North Carolina	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Lissie Melvin	Wife	abt 1874	Georgia	Black	Laundress
	Ben Melvin	Son	abt 1898	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Joe Melvin	Son	abt 1902	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Annie Melvin	Daughter-in-law	abt 1900	Georgia	Black	Laundress
	Lonzo Williams	Roomer	abt 1870	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Bennie Bolar	Head of household	abt 1892	Virginia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Emma Bolar	Wife	abt 1897	Georgia	Black	Cook –private family
	John H Reed	Nephew	abt 1908	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	J Quinton Clements	Head of household	abt 1894	Georgia	White	Commissary Salesman
	Eva M Clements	Wife	abt 1892	Georgia	White
	Jerald C Clements	Son	abt 1914	Georgia	White
	Randall R Clements	Son	abt 1915	Georgia	White
	Connie C Devane	Roomer	abt 1885	Georgia	White	Commissary Salesman
	Willie Johnson	Head of household	abt 1895	Georgia	Black	Sawmill laborer
	Callie Johnson	Wife	abt 1897	Georgia	Black	Cook –private family
	Robert L McDonald	Head of household	abt 1873	Georgia	White	Sawyer
	Lilla M McDonald	Wife	abt 1876	Georgia	White
	W Lillian McDonald	Daughter	abt 1901	Georgia	White
	Eunice J McDonald	Daughter	abt 1907	Georgia	White
	W Talmage McDonald	Son	abt 1908	Georgia	White
	Lemuel C McDonald	Son	abt 1910	Georgia	White
	Isaac B McDonald	Son	abt 1912	Georgia	White
	Lois A McDonald	Daughter	abt 1914	Georgia	White
	Fred H Lemke	Grandson	abt 1916	Georgia	White
	James P Devane	Boarder	abt 1865	Georgia	White	Commissary Salesman
	Thomas N Crowe	Boarder	abt 1884	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Marion E Shaw	Head of household	abt 1893	Georgia	White	Sawmill Marketman
	Marion R Shaw	Wife	abt 1898	Georgia	White
	Kermitt A Shaw	Son	abt 1918	Georgia	White
	Perry Cook	Boarder	abt 1897	Georgia	White	Farm laborer
	Charles E Hughes	Head of household	abt 1871	Georgia	White	Sawmill Section Foreman
	Nettie Hughes	Wife	abt 1883	South Carolina	White
	Elmer L Hughes	Son	abt 1902	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Fred L Hughes	Son	abt 1904	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Mattie B Hughes	Daughter	abt 1906	Georgia	White
	Clyde R Hughes	Son	abt 1908	Florida	White
	Glenn C Hughes	Son	abt 1913	Florida	White
	Talmage R Hughes	Son	abt 1917	Florida	White
	Dave H Cowart	Head of household	abt 1893	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Laura Cowart	Wife	abt 1893	Georgia	White
	Donnald Cowart	Son	abt 1919	Georgia	White
	Russell Browning	Boarder	abt 1901	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Luke Browning	Boarder	abt 1899	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Manning A Cersey	Head of household	abt 1889	Georgia	White	Sawmill Fireman
	Lula Cersey	Wife	abt 1896	Georgia	White
	Vera J Cersey	Daughter	abt 1911	Georgia	White
	Clinton A Cersey	Son	abt 1913	Georgia	White
	Jewel T Cersey	Son	abt 1916	Georgia	White
	Robert  C.C. Powell	Head of household	abt 1892	Georgia	White	Sawmill laborer
	Lovdie Powell	Wife	abt 1893	Georgia	White
	Corrie Powell	Daughter	abt 1915	Georgia	White
	Madge Powell	Daughter	abt 1918	Georgia	White
	R D Ward	Head of household	abt 1886	Georgia	White	Sawmill Machinist
	Mamie Ward	Wife	abt 1895	Georgia	White
	Arthur S Ganas	Head of household	abt 1892	Georgia	White	Sawmill Engineer
	Ruby H Ganas	Wife	abt 1900	Georgia	White
	Jaunita L Ganas	Daughter	abt 1919	Georgia	White
	Chester A Hall	Head of household	abt 1899	Georgia	White	Sawmill Foreman